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Three Router CCNA Static Route Lab

Tuesday, January 19th, 2010

In preparation of your CCNA exam, we want to make sure we cover the various concepts that we could see on your Cisco CCNA exam. So to assist you, below we will discuss one of the more difficult CCNA concepts; the Three Router Static Route Lab. As you progress through your CCNA exam studies, I am sure with repetition you will find this topic becomes easier. So even though it may be a difficult concept and confusing at first, keep at it as no one said getting your Cisco certification would be easy!

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Objective In this lab, you will configure static routes between all three routers. This will allow your routers to route packets so that all routers and all hosts will be able to reach (ping) each other. Once your configuration is complete, you will use basic techniques to test your network’s connectivity.

Scenario Three separate classful networks need routing between them and their subnets.

Questions: What are the different classful networks? 1. ________________ 2. ________________ 3. ________________ 4. ________________ 5. ________________ Are there any subnets? If so, what are they? 1. _______________ 2. _______________ 3. _______________ 4. _______________ 5. _______________ Setup Configure the cabling as shown in the network diagram If the routers have a startup-config, erase it and perform a reload of the routers. Important! Configure the routers to include hostnames and the proper interface commands including IP addresses, subnet masks, etc. Each router should be able to ping the interface of the adjacent (neighboring) router and the host on its LAN (Ethernet) interface. Test and troubleshoot as necessary. Use the context sensitive help, previous labs, your books and /or handouts and if your still having problems ask your partner or ask the instructor for assistance. Step 1 – Configuring Static Routes On each router configure a separate and specific static route for each network or subnet. You do not need to configure static routes for the router’s directly connected network(s) because like a host, by configuring the IP address and subnet mask on an interface tells the router that it belongs to that network/subnet.

Router1 Router1(config)# ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1 Router1(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.1 Router2 Router2(config)# ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 Router2(config)# ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 Router2(config)# ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 Router3 Router3(config)# ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Router3(config)# ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Router3(config)# ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Verify and Validate: All hosts and all routers should be able to ping every interface in the network. Do a “show running-config” and notice the static routes that you entered. Router# show ip route o What routes to networks do you see? o Which routes are static and which routes are directly connected? o What is the administrative distance for a static route? o What is the administrative distance for a directly connected network? Questions: How does the next-hop-ip-address help with the routing process? _____________________________________________. Does it give the entire route, i.e., subnet mask? _________________ What is it actually doing regarding the routing of the packet? ____________________________________________ How does a packet get from Host 2 to Host 3? ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Instead of a next-hop-ip-address, what else could you have used? ____________________________________________. What would you need to do if you added new networks or deleted/modified existing networks? ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Is there any way to summarize several static routes to multiple subnets into a single static route? _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _____________________________________________ Outputs Router2#show ip route (Output omitted) Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2 C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0 C 172.16.3.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.2.2

Router1#show ip route (output omitted) Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets

C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0 S 172.16.3.0 [1/0] via 172.16.2.1 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial1 S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.1.1

Router3#show ip route (Output omitted) Gateway of last resort is not set

172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 3 subnets S 172.16.1.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2 S 172.16.2.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2 S 172.16.3.0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

Step 2 – Configuring Summary Static Routes The configuration of the routers in Step 1 works just great and is a valid way to configure routing on these networks. Earlier, we noticed that the network 172.16.0.0 is divided into several subnets. The Router3 router does not really need separate static routes for each subnet, since all of the 172.16.0.0 subnets can be reached via the same next-hop-ip-address, i.e. Router1. Let’s reconfigure the static routes on Router3 so that it only uses a single static route to reach all of the 172.16.0.0 subnets.

Router1 No changes Router2 No changes Router3 First, remove the current static routes: Router3(config)# no ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Router3(config)# no ip route 172.16.2.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Router3(config)# no ip route 172.16.3.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.1.2 Now, add the new summary static route: Router3(config)# ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 Verify and Validate: All hosts and all routers should be able to ping every interface in the network. Do a “show running-config” and notice the static routes that you entered. Router3# show ip route o What routes to networks do you now see? Questions: What made this new summary static route work for all subnets? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Why is a single summary static route an advantage regarding the size of the routing table? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Why is a single summary static route an advantage regarding future changes to the 172.16.0.0 network? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ Outputs Router3#show ip route (Output omitted)

Gateway of last resort is not set S 172.16.0.0/16 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2 C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0

Step 3 – Configuring Default Static Routes Both Step 1 and Step 2 are acceptable ways to configure routing for these networks. We notice that the 172.16.3.0/24 and the 192.168.2.0/24 networks are “stub networks,” meaning that there is only one way out (both via Router1).

Router1 No changes Router2 First, remove the current static routes: Router2(config)# no ip route 172.16.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 Router2(config)# no ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 Router2(config)# no ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.2 Now, add the new default static route: Router2(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 172.16.2.2 Router3 First, remove the current static routes: Router3(config)# no ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 192.168.1.2 Now, add the new default static route: Router3(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.2 Verify and Validate: All hosts and all routers should be able to ping every interface in the network. Do a “show running-config” and notice the static routes that you entered. Router2# show ip route o What routes to networks do you now see? Router3# show ip route o What routes to networks do you now see? Questions: Do you think static routes are still used even with dynamic routing (RIP, OSPF, etc.)? _______________. Hint: Think about the administrative distance. Do you think default static routes are still used even with dynamic routing (RIP, OSPF, etc.)? _______________. What is the disadvantage of doing this? How would a default static route be properly used in a real world network? (How would a company’s network use a default route when connecting to the Internet?) ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Outputs Router3#show ip route (Output omitted)

Gateway of last resort is 192.168.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0 C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 S* 0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.1.2

Save your current configuration to NVRAM.

End of Lab I hope you found this article to be of use and it helps you prepare for your Cisco CCNA certification. Achieving your CCNA certification is much more than just memorizing Cisco exam material. It is having the real world knowledge to configure your Cisco equipment and be able to methodically troubleshoot Cisco issues. So I encourage you to continue in your studies for your CCNA exam certification.

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Prepaid Broadband Internet on the Rise

Monday, January 4th, 2010

It’s a prepaid world out there and with tight economic conditions prevalent around the world, prepaid subscriptions have become the more popular option among consumers today. From cellular phone subscriptions to cable TV; and even residential phone lines; the prepaid industry has included all of these into their line-up of services to the consumers.

Internet connectivity is no exception to this nowadays. True, there have been other prepaid connections in the past such as dial-up internet but these kinds of connections do not give smooth and continuous internet connectivity.

Today however, broadband connection has joined the prepaid industry and people are jumping at the chance to get this type of internet service installed right into their own homes.

PREPAID BROADBAND CONNECTION

Fortunately, with prepaid broadband internet now becoming readily accessible to more people everywhere; surfers have the better option when it comes to high-speed internet connectivity.

There are many benefits to using prepaid broadband; not least of which is that you won’t have to fret about monthly bills to pay. With this option, there is no fear of your broadband service of service being cut off should you be unable of fail to pay your monthly due of bill. You have full power over how long you will enjoy your internet connection per month.

In addition, you will also enjoy the same fast internet connection that you can anticipate from a postpaid broadband subscription. You are not sacrificing the quality of your browsing experience just because you opted to go prepaid with your broadband internet.

OTHER ADVANTAGES OF PREPAID BROADBAND INTERNET

Have you ever entered into a subscription contract only to find out that the service was bad? There’s not a thing you can do but to wait out the end of your contract before you can look for something better.

The same goes for postpaid broadband. Unless you are absolutely sure that the service is reliable and their broadband internet is of high quality in the industry; you would be better off with a prepaid subscription.

If you are unhappy with your existing prepaid broadband internet, you can look for something else and check it out for size. You are not locked in with a contract that usually lasts for up to 24 months!

If you wish to purchase a broadband connection, you have to check out Arjun Winston’s writings about bredbaand tilbud.

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Tips On Choosing A Broadband Service

Monday, December 28th, 2009

Are you considering getting access to a broadband service? This can indeed be an important decision as this will allow you to get access to a large variety of services.

For example you will have access to streaming video, download music and video chat. However you should make sure that you choose a good ISP in order to experience a quality service. Have a look at this article on broadband service in order to learn more on this.

The first important thing that you will need to consider is the network coverage. Some broadband service are not available everywhere and you should make sure that you will have access to the service before signing. For instance some people that are located in rural ideas have to resort to satellite internet connection which can turn out to be rather expensive. Most ISP has a website page where they will provide network coverage and it might be interesting for you to have a look. This can prevent you from traveling unnecessarily to the office of an ISP that does not cover the region where you live.

Second thing that you need to consider is the actual internet connection speed. Some ISP fakes their internet speed and they can be slower than what the service providers advertise. This can be because of the infrastructure in your region or some obstacles in the case of wireless access. This is the reason that you should make sure that there are appropriate test that are conducted before subscribing. Do not hesitate to seek the advice of friends and other fellow users to find out their impression of the service especially in your area.

It is also important that you do not subscribe to the first service provider that you visit. The internet sector is a very competitive one and there are sometimes some promotions that take place. Waiting for the right moment before you subscribe can allow you to get some interesting savings. You should also make sure that you take the most appropriate package depending on your needs. If you are used to download videos and music i.e. if you consider yourself as a heavy user I will advise you to go for the unlimited package. Do not get discouraged by the high monthly fee as you will recoup the investment in the long term.

In case you want to buy a broadband connection, you should first read Arjun’s views on bredbaand priser.

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Comcast Internet Deals

Friday, December 25th, 2009

If you place a premium on having the ability to keep in touch with the people who you care about, then you probably appreciate the value of a high speed Internet connection and home phone service. Of course , these 2 things can make a huge difference when it comes to making it simple to keep a record of friends and loved ones. Comcast’s high speed Internet and phone service provide good examples showing how you the service that you choose can make a change with this form of communication.

The amount of ways that the Internet allows us to communicate have seriously expanded and diversified in recent years and the majority of them need a high speed Internet connection to exploit. The proviso of this statement is that these new forms of communication function better the bigger the speed of the Internet connection that you have! For example, VoIP enables you to talk to any one in the world over the Internet and in real time. This needs a high bandwidth, low latency connection of precisely the type that is offered by Comcast’s high speed Internet service. You don’t want to have your conversation interrupted by too many dropped data packages after all! Likewise, if you choose to go with video talking or VoIP enabled video telephone calls then you’ll need even more bandwidth. The bandwidth that’s supplied by Comcast’s high speed Internet service is more than enough to support VoIP and video.

Of course, the methods of communicating online go way beyond simple video phone calls. They also incorporate virtual reality! Comcast’s high speed Internet service can open the way for you to take virtue of virtual reality as it has all of the bandwidth you need for the wealthy multimedia experience that’s built into virtual worlds like 2nd Life. After all , this particular virtual world doesn’t just have the real time VoIP, but it also has all the graphics of a Playstation game and features like embedded video, the ability to play video files for other participators to hear, and file sharing. This high speed Internet connection will work in a similar way well with multiplayer video games also. Eventually, Comcast will supply good support for cooperative online resources that let folks to work together in real time wherever they happen to be located on the planet!

Now, you could think that in comparison to all the options supplied by the Internet, a land based home phone line would be unnecessary and too primitive to bother with. There are many reasons why this is not the case and Comcast backs every one of them up with its Digital Voice phone service. A home phone line is good for getting in contact with the people who you care about who are not online. In addition, it allows you to make telephone calls when your computer isn’t turned on. Ultimately, unlike most VoIP services, Digital Voice is totally compatible with the 911 system.

Of course Comcast also offers digital cable TV too. Just as a phone line is a good alternative to the Internet when it comes to easy and relaxed communication, TV is a straightforward alternative for entertainment.

These are only a few of the examples demonstrating how Comcast can keep you connected and entertained.

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Comcast Cable TV Promotional Deal

Friday, December 25th, 2009

There are a lot of ways that having a high speed Internet connection in your house can improve the way you live and work. if you do not have the fastest Internet connection possible ( that is available at a fair price, of course ) you are truly short changing yourself and your family! The puzzling thing about that is that there isn’t necessarily a positive relationship between the price of an Internet connection and the velocity. For example, broad band wireless and satellite Internet are extremely dear, but they are also highly slow. In fact, satellite Internet often isn’t even suitable for VoIP applications or anything else that happens in real time! By contrast, Comcast’s broadband cable high speed Internet is much faster regardless of the fact that it costs so a lot less than broad band wireless or satellite! This makes Comcast a great choice for your home Internet access wants.

The fact is that Comcast is not just the swiftest high speed Internet option for your house, but it is’s also the best value. That is because it costs roughly the same as DSL though it’s about five times faster than the swiftest DSL connection! With all of that speed, your folks will be ready to share the same Internet connection all at the same time and be online all at the same time! This decreases the level of trouble in a household while permitting less complicated access to the Internet. The sort of speed that you are going to be able to get from this Internet connection will also permit your people to enjoy superior access to information and entertainment while giving them more ways to stay in contact with their friends! Better still, with complementary security software from one of the most respected names in virus protection and user friendly parental controls, Comcast provides an intensely safe and family friendly online experience!

Comcast also provides connectivity in the shape of digital phone service called Digital Voice. Digital Voice is a total solution to providing your family with a feature rich but price oriented home telephone line. It’s a way to economize while staying connected!

Entertainment doesn’t get any better than digital cable TV from Comcast! Of course , when you subscribe to this great service you’re making an investment in channels and features that will provide continuing returns in the form of heaps of viewing options and cutting edge technology that makes it simpler and better to watch television than ever before!

One of the great new technologies available through Comcast’s digital cable TV service is ON DEMAND. ON DEMAND is a video on demand feature that gives you a catalogue of videos so you can choose anything from the list and start watching it right away! This means access to TV shows, full length movies, music videos, short format videos, and even many selections in HDTV format! You’ll also be able to use ON DEMAND as a pay per view service that lets you have control over how you watch latterly released movies!

Comcast also provides DVR service so that you can record television shows for later viewing. The process of programming a DVR is easy with the assistance of the interactive on screen program guide so there won’t be any excuse for having to pick between great TV and the other stuff you enjoy!

Comcast is definitely the total entertainment and home communications solution!

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